The new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of the individual to solve problems was the_ They give up their rights in exchange for law and order. To avoid chaos, he said, people enter into a social contract. He argued, therefore, that strong governments are necessary to control human behaviour. This political thinker believed that all humans are naturally selfish and wicked. If government fails to protect these natural rights, the citizens will have the right to overthrow it. He supported self-government and argued that the purpose of government is to protect the natural rights of people. This political thinker felt that people are reasonable beings. Her ideas caused a women's rights group to form in Europe and in North America.ĭisagreed with most other philosophes who believed that reason, science, and art improve the lives of all people, and instead argued that civilization corrupts people's natural goodness. She urged women to enter male dominated fields of medicine and politics. His ideas affected criminal law firm in Europe and in the US.Īrgued that women, like men, need education to become virtuous and useful. He believed laws existed to preserve social order, not to avenge crimes. His idea was the abolishment of torture and capital punishment. His ideas inspired French into overthrowing their monarch. He also had very specific ideas on education, and the place of women in society. Argued that all people are equal and that titles of nobility should be abolished. He was incredibly passionate about individual freedom. France, US, Latin Americans use them in new constitution His two ideas became the basis of the US constitution. This philosophe's masterful use of satire got him into frequent trouble with the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government of France.īelieved that the separation of powers would keep a society in balance. He never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.
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